Hebrew Slaves

21 ¹ The Lord gave Moses the following laws for his people: ² If you buy a Hebrew slave, he must remain your slave for six years. But in the seventh year you must set him free, without cost to him. ³ If he was single at the time you bought him, he alone must be set free. But if he was married at the time, both he and his wife must be given their freedom. ⁴ If you give him a wife, and they have children, only the man himself must be set free; his wife and children remain the property of his owner. ⁵ But suppose the slave loves his wife and children so much that he won’t leave without them. ⁶ Then he must stand beside either the door or the doorpost at the place of worship, while his owner punches a small hole through one of his ears with a sharp metal rod. This makes him a slave for life. ⁷ A young woman who was sold by her father doesn’t gain her freedom in the same way that a man does. ⁸ If she doesn’t please the man who bought her to be his wife, he must let her be bought back. He cannot sell her to foreigners; this would break the contract he made with her. ⁹ If he selects her as a wife for his son, he must treat her as his own daughter. ¹⁰ If the man later marries another woman, he must continue to provide food and clothing for the one he bought and to treat her as a wife. ¹¹ If he fails to do any of these things, she must be given her freedom without cost. Murder and Other Violent Crimes [The Lord said:] ¹² Death is the punishment for murder. ¹³ But if you did not intend to kill someone, and I, the Lord, let it happen anyway, you may run for safety to a place that I have set aside. ¹⁴ If you plan in advance to murder someone, there’s no escape, not even by holding on to my altar. You will be dragged off and killed. ¹⁵ Death is the punishment for attacking your father or mother. ¹⁶ Death is the punishment for kidnapping. If you sell the person you kidnapped, or if you are caught with that person, the penalty is death. ¹⁷ Death is the punishment for cursing your father or mother. ¹⁸ Suppose two of you are arguing, and you hit the other with either a rock or your fist, without causing a fatal injury. If the victim has to stay in bed, ¹⁹ and later has to use a stick when walking outside, you must pay for the loss of time and do what you can to help until the injury is completely healed. That’s your only responsibility. ²⁰ Death is the punishment for beating to death any of your slaves. ²¹ However, if the slave lives a few days after the beating, you are not to be punished. After all, you have already lost the services of that slave who was your property. ²² Suppose a pregnant woman suffers a miscarriage as the result of an injury caused by someone who is fighting. If she isn’t badly hurt, the one who injured her must pay whatever fine her husband demands and the judges approve. ²³ But if she is seriously injured, the payment will be life for life, ²⁴ eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, ²⁵ burn for burn, cut for cut, and bruise for bruise. ²⁶ If you hit one of your slaves and cause the loss of an eye, the slave must be set free. ²⁷ The same law applies if you knock out a slave’s tooth — the slave goes free. ²⁸ A bull that kills someone with its horns must be killed and its meat destroyed, but the owner of the bull isn’t responsible for the death. ²⁹ Suppose you own a bull that has been in the habit of attacking people, but you have refused to keep it fenced in. If that bull kills someone, both you and the bull must be pu  to death by stoning. ³⁰ However, you may save your own life by paying whatever fine is demanded. ³¹ This same law applies if the bull gores someone’s son or daughter. ³² If the bull kills a slave, you must pay the slave owner thirty pieces of silver for the loss of the slave, and the bull must be killed by stoning. ³³ Suppose someone’s ox or donkey is killed by falling into an open pit that you dug or left uncovered on your property. ³⁴ You must pay for the dead animal, and it becomes yours. ³⁵ If your bull kills someone else’s, yours must be sold. Then the money from your bull and the meat from the dead bull must be divided equally between you and the other owner. ³⁶ If you refuse to fence in a bull that is known to attack others, you must pay for any animal it kills, but the dead animal will belong to you. Property Laws [The Lord said:] 22 ¹ If you steal an ox and slaughter or sell it, you must replace it with five oxen; if you steal a sheep and slaughter it or sell it, you must replace it with four sheep. ^2-4 But if you cannot afford to replace the animals, you must be sold as a slave to pay for what you have stolen. If you steal an ox, donkey, or sheep, and are caught with it still alive, you must pay the owner double. If you happen to kill a burglar who breaks into your home after dark, you are not guilty. But if you kil  someone who breaks in during the day, you are guilty of murder. ⁵ If you allow any of your animals to stray from your property and graze in someone else’s field or vineyard, you must repay the damage from the best part of your own harvest of grapes and grain. ⁶ If you carelessly let a fire spread from your property to someone else’s, you must pay the owner for any crops or fields destroyed by the fire. ⁷ Suppose a neighbor asks you to keep some silver or other valuables, and they are stolen from your house. If the thief is caught, the thief must repay double. ⁸ But if the thief isn’t caught, some judges will decide if you are the guilty one. ⁹ Suppose two people claim to own the same ox or donkey or sheep or piece of clothing. Then the judges must decide the case, and the guilty person will pay the owner double. ¹⁰ Suppose a neighbor who is going to be away asks you to keep a donkey or an ox or a sheep or some other animal, and it dies or gets injured or is stolen while no one is looking. ¹¹ If you swear with me as your witness that you did not harm the animal, you do not have to replace it. Your word is enough. ¹² But if the animal was stolen while in your care, you must replace it. ¹³ If the animal was attacked and killed by a wild animal, and you can show the remains of the dead animal to its owner, you do not have to replace it. ¹⁴ Suppose you borrow an animal from a neighbor, and it gets injured or dies while the neighbor isn’t around. Then you must replace it. ¹⁵ But if something happens to the animal while the owner is present, you do not have to replace it. If you had leased the animal, the money you paid the owner will cover any harm done to it. Laws for Everyday Life[The Lord said:] ¹⁶ Suppose a young woman has never been married and isn’t engaged. If a man talks her into having sex, he must pay the bride price and marry her. ¹⁷ But if her father refuses to let her marry the man, the bride price must still be paid. ¹⁸ Death is the punishment for witchcraft. ¹⁹ Death is the punishment for having sex with an animal. ²⁰ Death is the punishment for offering sacrifices to any god except me. ²¹ Do not mistreat or abuse foreigners who live among you. Remember, you were foreigners in Egypt. ²² Do not mistreat widows or orphans. ²³ If you do, they will beg for my help, and I will come to their rescue. ²⁴ In fact, I will get so angry that I will kill your men and make widows of their wives and orphans of their children. ²⁵ Don’t charge interest when you lend money to any of my people who are in need. ²⁶ Before sunset you must return any coat taken as security for a loan, ²⁷ because that is the only cover the poor have when they sleep at night. I am a merciful God, and when they call out to me, I will come to help them. ²⁸ Don’t speak evil of me or of the ruler of your people. ²⁹ Don’t fail to give me the offerings of grain and wine that belong to me. Dedicate to me your first-born sons ³⁰ and the first-born of your cattle and sheep. Let the animals stay with their mothers for seven days, then on the eighth day give them to me, your God. ³¹ You are my chosen people, so don’t eat the meat of any of your livestock that was killed by a wild animal. Instead, feed the meat to dogs. Equal Justice for All [The Lord said:] 23 ¹ Don’t spread harmful rumors or help a criminal by giving false evidence. ² Always tell the truth in court, even if everyone else is dishonest and stands in the way of justice. ³ And don’t favor the poor, simply because they are poor. ⁴ If you find an ox or a donkey that has wandered off, take it back where it belongs, even if the owner is your enemy. ⁵ If a donkey is overloaded and falls down, you must do what you can to help, even if it belongs to someone who doesn’t like you. ⁶ Make sure that the poor are given equal justice in court. ⁷ Don’t bring false charges against anyone or sentence an innocent person to death. I won’t forgive you if you do. ⁸ Don’t accept bribes. Judges are blinded and justice is twisted by bribes. ⁹Don’t mistreat foreigners. You were foreigners in Egypt, and you know what it is like. Laws for the Sabbath [The Lord said:] ¹⁰ Plant and harvest your crops for six years, ¹¹ but let the land rest during the seventh year. The poor are to eat what they want from your fields, vineyards, and olive trees during that year, and when they have all they want from your fields, leave the rest for wild animals. ¹² Work the first six days of the week, but rest and relax on the seventh day. This law is not only for you, but for your oxen, donkeys, and slaves, as well as for any foreigners among you. ¹³ Make certain that you obey everything I have said. Don’t pray to other gods or even mention their names. Three Annual Festivals (Exodus 34.18–26; Deuteronomy 16.1–17) [The Lord said:] ¹⁴ Celebrate three festivals each year in my honor. ¹⁵ Celebrate the Festival of Thin Bread by eating bread made without yeast, just as I have commanded. Do this at the proper time during the month of Abib, because it is the month when you left Egypt. And make certain that everyone brings the proper offerings. ¹⁶ Celebrate the Harvest Festival each spring when you start harvesting your wheat, and celebrate the Festival of Shelters each autumn when you pick your fruit. ¹⁷ Your men must come to these three festivals each year to worship me. ¹⁸ Do not offer bread made with yeast when you sacrifice an animal to me. And make sure that the fat of the animal is burned that same day. ¹⁹ Each year bring the best part of your first harvest to the place of worship. Don’t boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.     romise and a Warning [The Lord said:] ²⁰ I am sending an angel to protect you and to lead you into the land I have ready for you. ²¹ Carefully obey everything the angel says, because I am giving him complete authority, and he won’t tolerate rebellion. ²² If you faithfully obey him, I will be a fierce enemy of your enemies. ²³ My angel will lead you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will wipe them out. ²⁴ Don’t worship their gods or follow their customs. Instead, destroy their idols and shatter their stone images. ²⁵ Worship only me, the Lord your God! I will bless you with plenty of food and water and keep you strong. ²⁶ Your women will give birth to healthy children, and everyone will live a long life. ²⁷ I will terrify those nations and make your enemies so confused that they will run from you. ²⁸ I will make the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites panic as you approach. ²⁹ But I won’t do all this in the first year, because the land would become poor, and wild animals would be everywhere. ³⁰ Instead, I will force out your enemies little by little and give your nation time to grow strong enough to take over the land. ³¹ I will see that your borders reach from the Red Sea to the Euphrates River and from the Mediterranean Sea to the desert. I will let you defeat the people who live there, and you will force them out of the land. ³² But you must not make any agreements with them or with their gods. ³³ Don’t let them stay in your land. They will trap you into sinning against me and worshiping their gods.